2026 年第 2 期 第 21 卷

儿童乙型流感病毒与腺病毒及呼吸道合胞病毒感染临床特征分析

Analysis of clinical characteristics of influenza B virus, adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus infection in children

作者：王子威赵贺华

英文作者：Wang Ziwei， Zhao Hehua

单位：首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院儿科，北京100050

英文单位：Department of Pediatrics Beijing Friendship Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing 100050 China

关键词：乙型流感病毒；腺病毒；呼吸道合胞病毒；淋巴细胞

英文关键词：InfluenzaBvirus;Adenovirus;Respiratorysyncytialvirus;Lymphocyte

• 摘要：

• 目的 分析乙型流感病毒、腺病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒导致的儿童呼吸道感染后临床特征和实验室检查指标的异同。方法 选取2023年12月至2024年3月在首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院就诊及病房住院的患儿668例作为研究对象。根据病原学核酸检测结果分为乙型流感病毒组（259例）、腺病毒组（216例）、合胞病毒组（193例）。比较3组患儿临床症状、实验室指标、淋巴细胞亚群指标。结果 3组患儿中度发热、高热、咽痛、喘息、呕吐、腹痛、头痛、合并支原体感染比例比较，差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。3组患儿白细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数、淋巴细胞计数、单核细胞计数、血小板计数比较，差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。乙型流感病毒组、腺病毒组、合胞病毒组患儿CD+3、CD+8、CD+4、CD+16比较［（1.86±0.25）比（2.09±0.53）、（2.14±0.46），（0.47±0.11）比（1.02±0.26）、（1.07±0.19），（1.25±0.38）比（0.67±0.19）、（1.18±0.35），（0.51±0.13）比（0.54±0.07）、（0.30±0.06）］，差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.005）。结论 三种病毒感染患儿后，既有病毒感染后共同的临床表现及实验室检查指标，也存在每种病毒各自不同的表现和特点。

• Objective To analyze the different clinical characteristics and laboratory indicators of respiratory tract infections in children caused by influenza B, adenovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus. Methods A total of 668 children who visited the outpatient department or were hospitalized in Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University from December 2023 to March 2024 were selected as the research subjects. According to the results of etiological nucleic acid detection, they were divided into influenza B group (259 cases), adenovirus group (216 cases), and respiratory syncytial virus group (193 cases). The clinical symptoms, laboratory indicators, and lymphocyte subset indicators of the three groups were compared. Results There were statistically significant differences in the proportions of moderate fever, high fever, sore throat, wheezing, vomiting, abdominal pain, headache, and concurrent Mycoplasma infection among the three groups (all P＜0.05). There were statistically significant differences in white blood cell count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, monocyte count, and platelet count among the three groups (all P＜0.05). There were statistically significant differences in CD+3, CD+8, CD+4, and CD+16 levels among the influenza B group, adenovirus group, and respiratory syncytial virus group ［(1.86±0.25) vs (2.09±0.53), (2.14±0.46); (0.47±0.11) vs (1.02±0.26), (1.07±0.19); (1.25±0.38) vs (0.67±0.19), (1.18±0.35); (0.51±0.13) vs (0.54±0.07), (0.30±0.06)］(all P<0.05). Conclusion After infection with the three viruses, children have common clinical manifestations and laboratory indicators of viral infection, as well as distinct manifestations and characteristics specific to each virus.