2026 年第 5 期 第 21 卷

微小RNA在心肌梗死中的研究进展

Research progress of microRNA in myocardial infarction

作者：褚国洁1王震1张立晶2

英文作者：Chu Guojie1 Wang Zhen1 Zhang Lijing2

单位：1山东中医药大学附属医院(山东省中医院)心血管内科，济南250011；2北京中医药大学东直门医院心血管内科，北京101121

英文单位：1Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital (Shandong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine) Jinan 250011 China; 2Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Dongzhimen Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 101121 China

关键词：心肌梗死；微小RNA；发病机制；诊疗靶点

英文关键词：Myocardialinfarction;MicroRNA;Pathogenesis;Diagnosticandtherapeutictargets

• 摘要：

• 心肌梗死是全球死亡的主要原因之一，有证据表明，微小RNA（miR）是在心肌梗死中与心肌肌钙蛋白相匹配的可靠生物标志物。miR是一类高度保守的非编码小分子RNA，由20～24个核苷酸构成，通过与目标靶基因的3′非翻译区结合来调控转录后基因的表达，从而参与许多重要的生理过程。本文综述了近年来miR与心肌梗死的相关研究，阐述了miR作为心肌梗死生物标志物、调节心肌细胞凋亡和增殖、血管再生、成纤维细胞重编程、心肌纤维化、炎症反应等，以期为诊断、预防和治疗心肌梗死提供新的思路。

• Myocardial infarction is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Evidence has shown that microRNA (miR) is a reliable biomarker matching cardiac troponin in myocardial infarction. MiRs are a class of highly conserved small non-coding RNAs composed of 20 to 24 nucleotides, which regulate post-transcriptional gene expression by binding to the 3′ untranslated region of target genes, thus participating in many important physiological processes. This article reviews the relevant research on miRs and myocardial infarction in recent years, elaborates on the roles of miRs as biomarkers for myocardial infarction and in regulating cardiomyocyte apoptosis and proliferation, angiogenesis, fibroblast reprogramming, myocardial fibrosis, inflammatory response and other processes, aiming to provide new ideas for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of myocardial infarction.