2026 年第 5 期 第 21 卷

血管平滑肌细胞异质性与动脉粥样硬化研究进展

Research progress on vascular smooth muscle cell heterogeneity and atherosclerosis

作者：郭鹏熔覃振柏张乐丽邹毅吴小凡

英文作者：Guo Pengrong Qin Zhenbai Zhang Leli Zou Yi Wu Xiaofan

单位：首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院心血管内科，北京100029

英文单位：Department of Cardiology Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing 100029 China

关键词：动脉粥样硬化；血管平滑肌细胞；表型转换；斑块稳定性

英文关键词：Atherosclerosis;Vascularsmoothmusclecells;Phenotypicswitching;Plaquestability

• 摘要：

• 动脉粥样硬化的发生发展与血管平滑肌细胞（VSMCs）的表型异质性密切相关。研究显示，VSMCs具有显著可塑性，可在斑块微环境中转分化为多种表型，并参与斑块形成。该过程受转录因子、表观遗传及信号通路等多层次调控。在斑块发展中，VSMCs具有双向作用：既可稳定斑块，也能加剧斑块不稳定。因此，靶向调控VSMCs表型转换已成为治疗新策略，未来需结合空间组学等技术进一步明确其动态演变，推动临床转化。

• The occurrence and development of atherosclerosis are closely related to the phenotypic heterogeneity of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Studies have shown that VSMCs exhibit remarkable plasticity and can transdifferentiate into multiple phenotypes in the plaque microenvironment, participating in plaque formation. This process is regulated at multiple levels, including transcription factors, epigenetics, and signaling pathways. During plaque progression, VSMCs play a dual role: they can either stabilize plaques or exacerbate plaque instability. Therefore, targeted regulation of VSMC phenotypic transition has become a novel therapeutic strategy. In the future, it is necessary to combine spatial omics and other technologies to further clarify their dynamic evolution and promote clinical translation.