2026 年第 5 期 第 21 卷

新生儿生命早期肠道菌群的临床研究进展

Clinical research progress of intestinal microbiota in early life of neonates

作者：韩依洋张豪锋张军

英文作者：Han Yiyang Zhang Haofeng Zhang Jun

单位：首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院妇产科，北京100029

英文单位：Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing 100029 China

关键词：新生儿肠道菌群；母体疾病；垂直传播

英文关键词：Neonatalintestinalmicrobiota;Maternaldiseases;Verticaltransmission

• 摘要：

• 生命早期肠道菌群的建立是一个复杂且关键的过程，对新生儿的免疫系统发育、代谢功能调节以及长期健康具有深远影响。近年来，越来越多的研究表明，母体孕期健康状况、代谢状态和抗菌药物使用等，对新生儿肠道菌群的组成和功能具有重要影响。这些母体疾病通过多种途径（如胎盘、羊水、母乳和分娩方式）影响新生儿菌群的初始定植，并可能导致菌群失衡，从而增加新生儿患病风险。本文综述了近年来关于母体孕期疾病对新生儿肠道菌群影响的研究进展，介绍研究方法、主要发现及对宿主的长期影响等方面，并探讨未来研究方向。

• The establishment of intestinal microbiota in early life is a complex and critical process, which exerts a profound impact on the immune system development, metabolic function regulation and long-term health of neonates. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have shown that maternal health status, metabolic status and antibiotic use during pregnancy have important effects on the composition and function of neonatal intestinal microbiota. These maternal diseases affect the initial colonization of neonatal flora through various pathways (such as placenta, amniotic fluid, breast milk and delivery mode), and may lead to flora imbalance, thereby increasing the risk of neonatal diseases. This article reviews the recent research progress on the effects of maternal diseases during pregnancy on neonatal intestinal microbiota, introduces the research methods, main findings and long-term effects on the host, and discusses future research directions.