2025 年第 12 期 第 20 卷

人工智能技术在心脏外科医生培养中的应用及挑战

Applications and challenges of artificial intelligence technology in the training of cardiac surgeons

作者：李磊刘创张宏家关欣亮王晓龙

英文作者：Li Lei Liu Chuang Zhang Hongjia Guan Xinliang Wang Xiaolong

单位：首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院心脏外科，北京100029

英文单位：Department of Cardiac Surgery Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing 100029 China

关键词：心脏外科；培训体系；人工智能；术中辅助；远程协作

英文关键词：Cardiacsurgery;Trainingsystem;Artificialintelligence;Intraoperativeassistance;Telecollaboration

• 摘要：

• 人工智能正深度融入心脏外科医生的培训体系，通过图像识别、虚拟现实、机器学习等技术，实现复杂术式技能的客观评估、个性化反馈与沉浸式模拟训练。依托Touch Surgery、dV-Trainer与Proximie等平台，人工智能可精准还原瓣膜成形、冠状动脉旁路移植等高难度操作，显著提升培训效率与公平性。它能在术前优化个体化手术方案、术中实时辅助关键决策、术后开展精细化数据复盘，有效提高手术成功率并减少并发症。在资源匮乏地区，人工智能亦推动优质心脏技术下沉与均衡配置。尽管仍面临数据质量、算法偏倚及法规伦理等挑战，人工智能与心脏外科的深度融合正成为高水平外科人才培养的重要引擎，为提升中国心血管医疗质量带来新契机。

• Artificial intelligence (AI) is deeply integrating into the training system for cardiac surgeons. Through technologies such as image recognition, virtual reality, and machine learning, it enables objective assessment of complex surgical skills, personalized feedback, and immersive simulation training. Relying on platforms like Touch Surgery, dV-Trainer, and Proximie, AI can accurately replicate high-difficulty operations such as valvuloplasty and coronary artery bypass grafting, significantly improving training efficiency and fairness. It can optimize individualized surgical plans preoperatively, provide real-time assistance for key decisions intraoperatively, and conduct refined data review postoperatively, effectively enhancing surgical success rates and reducing complications. In resource-scarce areas, AI also promotes the downward penetration and balanced allocation of high-quality cardiac technologies. Despite ongoing challenges including data quality, algorithmic bias, and legal-ethical issues, the deep integration of AI with cardiac surgery is emerging as a crucial engine for cultivating high-level surgical talents, bringing new opportunities to improve the quality of cardiovascular healthcare in China.