2025 年第 12 期 第 20 卷

外泌体微小RNA在胃癌中作用机制的研究进展

Research progress on the mechanism of exosomal microRNA in gastric cancer

作者：卢慧1祁玉娟2

英文作者：Lu Hui1， Qi Yujuan2

单位：1青海大学临床医学院，西宁810016；2青海省人民医院肿瘤内科，西宁810000

英文单位：1Clinical Medical College of Qinghai University Xining 810016 China; 2Department of Oncology Qinghai Provincial People′s Hospital Xining 810000 China

关键词：胃癌；外泌体；微小RNA

英文关键词：Gastriccancer;Exosomes;MicroRNA

• 摘要：

• 胃癌在中国（尤其是西部地区）的发病率高，其早期诊断虽较前改善但现状仍不满意，其发展机制在不断探索中，预后相对较差。微小RNA（miR）可在转录后调控基因的表达，参与肿瘤的发生、发展等生物学过程。外泌体作为细胞间通讯的重要信使，可以通过运输特定的内容物（如miR）来调节局部细胞与远处细胞之间的通讯，进而影响肿瘤细胞的增殖、侵袭、转移及耐药等过程，在临床上具有比常规诊断标志物更显著的优势，可能成为诊断胃癌潜在的生物标志物。目前针对胃癌治疗方案精准度及有效性不足，本文就外泌体miR在胃癌发生发展中的作用机制及其作为胃癌诊断标志物和治疗靶点的研究进展作一综述，旨在为胃癌的早期诊断和治疗提供新的思路与策略。

• The incidence of gastric cancer is high in China (especially in western China). Although the early diagnosis of gastric cancer has been improved, the current situation is still not satisfied. MicroRNA (miR) can regulate gene expression after transcription and participate in the occurrence and development of tumors and other biological processes. As important messengers of intercellular communication, exosomes can regulate the communication between local cells and distant cells by transporting specific contents (such as miR), and then affect the proliferation, invasion, metastasis and drug resistance of tumor cells. They have significant advantages over conventional diagnostic markers in clinical practice, and may become potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of gastric cancer. At present, the accuracy and effectiveness of the treatment of gastric cancer are insufficient. This article reviews the mechanism of exosomal miR in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer and its research progress as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets of gastric cancer, in order to provide new ideas and strategies for the early diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer.