2025 年第 12 期 第 20 卷

肠道菌群多样性失衡与子宫内膜异位症的相关性研究进展

Research progress on the correlation between the imbalance of intestinal flora diversity and endometriosis

作者：张琪1刘佳伟2于聪祥1索静1

英文作者：Zhang Qi1 Liu Jiawei2 Yu Congxiang1 Suo Jing1

单位：1内蒙古医科大学附属医院妇产科，呼和浩特010050；2内蒙古自治区肿瘤医院妇科，呼和浩特010050

英文单位：1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University Hohhot 010050 China; 2Department of Gynecology Cancer Hospital of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Hohhot 010050 China

关键词：子宫内膜异位症；肠道菌群；发病机制

英文关键词：ndometriosis;Intestinalflora;Pathogenesis

• 摘要：

• 子宫内膜异位症（EMs）是指子宫内膜组织（腺体和间质）出现在子宫体以外的部位而形成的一种常见的妇科疾病。EMs病变广泛，形态学上呈良性表现，但不可否认其具有黏附、侵袭和转移等与恶性肿瘤相似的临床行为学性质，且易复发，严重影响女性患者的日常生活和身心健康。迄今为止，EMs的具体发病机制尚未完全明确，但近年来已有越来越多的研究表明肠道菌群可能与EMs的发生及发展密切相关。肠道菌群多样性失衡对EMs的影响可能与参与免疫反应、影响炎症因子释放、参与雌激素代谢等机制相关。通过调节肠道菌群，如肠道微生物群制剂、粪便微生物群移植、饮食调节等可以改善EMs。本文针对肠道菌群与EMs相关性、肠道菌群对EMs可能的致病机制以及通过调节肠道菌群治疗EMs的可能方法等方面进行综述。

• Endometriosis (EMs) is a common gynecological disease in which endometrial tissue (glands and stroma) occurs outside the body of the uterus. EMs has a wide range of lesions and benign morphology, but it cannot be denied that it has clinical behavior properties similar to malignant tumors such as adhesion, invasion and metastasis, and is prone to recurrence, which seriously affects the daily life and physical and mental health of female patients. So far, the specific pathogenesis of EMs has not been completely clear, but in recent years, more and more studies have shown that intestinal flora may be closely related to the occurrence and development of EMs. The effect of intestinal flora diversity imbalance on EMs may be related to the mechanism of participating in immune response, affecting the release of inflammatory factors, and participating in estrogen metabolism. EMs can be improved by regulating intestinal flora, such as intestinal microbiota preparations, fecal microbiota transplantation, and diet regulation. This article reviews the correlation between intestinal flora and EMs, the possible pathogenic mechanism of intestinal flora on EMs, and the possible methods of treating EMs by regulating intestinal flora.