2026 年第 7 期 第 21 卷

阿司匹林在结直肠癌防治中的作用机制研究进展

Research progress on the mechanism of aspirin in the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer

作者：王建芳1李戟玭2王祥3

英文作者：Wang Jianfang1 Li Jipin2 Wang Xiang3

单位：1兰州大学第二临床医学院，兰州730000；2兰州大学第二医院感染科，兰州730000；3兰州大学第二医院消化内科，兰州730000

英文单位：1The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China; 2Department of Infectious Diseases Lanzhou University Second Hospital Lanzhou 730000 China; 3Department of Gastroenterology Lanzhou University Second Hospital Lanzhou 730000 China

关键词：结直肠癌；阿司匹林；环氧合酶；肿瘤免疫微环境

英文关键词：Colorectalcancer;Aspirin;Cyclooxygenase;Tumorimmunemicroenvironment

• 摘要：

• 阿司匹林作为经典的非甾体抗炎药，除解热、镇痛、抗炎及心血管保护等作用外，在结直肠癌防治领域的作用日益受到重视。大量流行病学及临床研究证实，长期规律服用阿司匹林可显著降低结直肠癌的发病与死亡风险，尤其对特定遗传背景和肿瘤分子亚型人群具有明确的化学预防价值。本文系统综述阿司匹林在结直肠癌防治中的研究进展，重点阐述其可能的多靶点抗癌作用网络，以期为该药的临床“老药新用”提供理论依据，并为结直肠癌的个体化防治拓展新路径。

• As a classic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, aspirin has attracted increasing attention in the field of colorectal cancer prevention and treatment in addition to its antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and cardiovascular protective effects. Numerous epidemiological and clinical studies have confirmed that long-term regular use of aspirin can significantly reduce the risk of colorectal cancer incidence and mortality, and has clear chemopreventive value especially for populations with specific genetic background and tumor molecular subtypes. This paper systematically reviews the research progress of aspirin in the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer, focusing on its possible multi-target anticancer mechanism network, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical "repurposing of old drugs" and expand new approaches for individualized prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer.