2026 年第 7 期 第 21 卷

RNA修饰在急性髓系白血病中的研究进展

Research progress on RNA modifications in acute myeloid leukemia

作者：隋新宇1陈林2薛建成1唐焕文1

英文作者：Sui Xinyu1 Chen Lin2 Xue Jiancheng1 Tang Huanwen1

单位：1广东医科大学公共卫生学院，东莞523808；2广东医科大学第一临床学院，东莞523808

英文单位：1School of Public Health Guangdong Medical University Dongguan 523808 China; 2The First Clinical College Guangdong Medical University Dongguan 523808 China

关键词：急性髓系白血病；RNA修饰；甲基化

英文关键词：Acutemyeloidleukemia;RNAmodification;Methylation

• 摘要：

• 急性髓系白血病（AML）是一种高度异质性的恶性血液肿瘤，其发生发展与基因表达调控异常密切相关。近年来，表观转录组学尤其是RNA修饰，在AML发病机制中的作用日益受到关注。本综述聚焦于三种关键的RNA化学修饰——N6-甲基腺苷（m6A）、5-甲基胞嘧啶（m5C）和7-甲基鸟苷（m7G）系统阐述其在AML中的调控网络、生物学功能及临床意义。本文概述了m6A、m5C、m7G修饰的基本特征，重点论述这些修饰及其调节因子如何通过影响靶信使RNA的稳定性、剪接、出核运输及翻译效率等关键环节，进而调控与AML相关的癌基因、抑癌基因及信号通路的表达，最终驱动白血病细胞的增殖、自我更新、分化阻滞和化疗耐药。总之，本文旨在揭示RNA修饰在AML中的复杂调控作用，探讨了相关调节因子作为新型分子标志物和潜在治疗靶点的价值，为理解该疾病的发生机制和开发新的诊疗策略提供新的视角。

• Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly heterogeneous malignant hematologic neoplasm, and its occurrence and development are closely related to abnormal regulation of gene expression. In recent years, the role of epitranscriptomics, especially RNA modification, in the pathogenesis of AML has attracted increasing attention. This review focuses on three key RNA chemical modifications—N6-methyladenosine (m6A), 5-methylcytosine (m5C) and 7-methylguanosine (m7G), and systematically elaborates their regulatory networks, biological functions and clinical significance in AML. This paper summarizes the basic characteristics of m6A, m5C and m7G modifications, and focuses on how these modifications and their regulators affect the stability, splicing, nuclear export and translation efficiency of target messenger RNAs, thereby regulating the expression of oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes and signaling pathways related to AML, and ultimately driving the proliferation, self-renewal, differentiation arrest and chemoresistance of leukemia cells. In conclusion, this review aims to reveal the complex regulatory role of RNA modifications in AML, discuss the value of related regulators as novel molecular markers and potential therapeutic targets, and provide new perspectives for understanding the pathogenesis of the disease and developing new diagnosis and treatment strategies.