2026 年第 8 期 第 21 卷

全国31个省（区、市）2024年成人居民血压及心率分布与人口学特征相关性分析

Correlation analysis of blood pressure and heart rate distribution with demographic characteristics among adult residents in 31 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the central government) of China in 2024

作者：耿嘉璐1刘迎建2胡磊1刘家琨1吴迅1刘靖1

英文作者：Geng Jialu1 Liu Yingjian2 Hu Lei1 Liu Jiakun1 Wu Xun1 Liu Jing1

单位：1北京大学人民医院高血压科，北京100044；2中国科学院自动化所，北京100080

英文单位：1Department of Hypertension Peking University People′s Hospital Beijing 100044 China; 2Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China

关键词：血压；心率；人口学特征；描述性分析

英文关键词：Bloodpressure;Heartrate;Demographiccharacteristics;Descriptiveanalysis

• 摘要：

• 目的 探讨全国31个省（区、市）2024年成人居民的血压及心率分布与人口学特征的相关性。方法 使用上臂式汉王柯氏音电子血压计设备及汉王大健康应用程序，收集全国除港澳台地区外的31个省（区、市）年龄18～96岁5 078位用户自2024年3月1日至12月31日的597 173条血压和心率的测量数据，使用Python行血压和心率的分布及相关性分析。对不同特征人群收缩压、舒张压、心率进行比较，分别采用独立样本t检验和χ2检验对性别和血压分级差异进行分析。使用混合效应线性模型探究年龄、性别、体重指数及地区不同层面因素对血压及心率的独立影响。结果 所收集群体的收缩压为（126±11）mmHg（1 mmHg=0.133 kPa），舒张压为（83±9）mmHg，心率为（74±8）次/min。①不同性别人群的舒张压和心率差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。血压和心率在不同年龄和不同体重指数人群间差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.001）。②性别、年龄与血压等级分布之间存在关联性（均P<0.001）。心率正常者存在年龄差异（P<0.001）。③不同气温下的血压和心率差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.001）。④地区间收缩压和舒张压差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.01）。省（区、市）间血压和心率差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。⑤不同时间段测量所得的血压和心率差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.001）。心率的变化与血压呈相反趋势。⑥年龄和体重指数均与血压和心率独立强相关（均P<0.001）。调整年龄、体重指数、地区后，性别对舒张压具有显著影响（P<0.001）。校正性别、年龄、体重指数后，东北及华中地区人群的收缩压及舒张压水平与华北地区差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。结论 我国成人血压正常高值人群占比过半，男性及肥胖人群是高血压防控的重点人群；年龄与体重指数为影响血压、心率的独立核心因素，血压、心率随气温、地域及昼夜节律规律波动。 数字化家庭自测血压模式为慢性病防控与个体化管理提供了可推广路径。

• Objective To investigate the correlation between blood pressure and heart rate distribution and demographic characteristics among adult residents in 31 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the central government) of China in 2024. Methods The upper-arm Hanvon Korotkoff sound electronic sphygmomanometer and Hanvon General Health mobile application were used to collect 597 173 blood pressure and heart rate measurement records from 5 078 users aged 18-96 years across 31 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the central government) excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan regions from March 1 to December 31, 2024. Python programming was adopted for distribution and correlation analysis of blood pressure and heart rate. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and heart rate were compared among populations with different characteristics. Independent samples t-test and Chi-square test were used to analyze gender differences and differences in blood pressure grading, respectively. Linear mixed-effects models were applied to explore the independent effects of multi-level factors including age, gender, body mass index and region on blood pressure and heart rate. Results The mean systolic blood pressure of the enrolled population was (126±11)mmHg, mean diastolic blood pressure was (83±9) mmHg, and mean heart rate was (74±8) beats per minute. ①Statistically significant differences in diastolic blood pressure and heart rate were observed between different genders (both P<0.05). Blood pressure and heart rate differed significantly across age groups and body mass index subgroups (both P<0.001). ②Gender and age were correlated with the distribution of blood pressure grades (both P<0.001). Normal heart rate varied with age (P<0.001). ③Blood pressure and heart rate showed statistically significant differences under different ambient temperatures (all P<0.001). ④There were significant inter-regional differences in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (both P<0.01). Differences in blood pressure and heart rate existed among provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the central government)(all P<0.05). ⑤Blood pressure and heart rate measured at different time periods were statistically different (all P<0.001), and heart rate changed in an opposite trend to blood pressure. ⑥Age and body mass index were independently and strongly correlated with blood pressure and heart rate (both P<0.001). After adjusting for age, body mass index and region, gender exerted a significant effect on diastolic blood pressure (P<0.001). After correcting for gender, age and body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels in Northeast China and Central China were statistically different from those in North China (all P<0.05). Conclusion More than half of Chinese adults have high-normal blood pressure; males and obese populations are key targets for hypertension prevention and control. Age and body mass index are independent core factors affecting blood pressure and heart rate, which fluctuate regularly with temperature, geographical region and circadian rhythm. Digital home self-monitoring of blood pressure provides a promotable approach for chronic disease prevention and individualized management.