2026 年第 8 期 第 21 卷

糖代谢与糖基化修饰的信息枢纽功能研究进展

Research progress on the information hub function of glucose metabolism and glycosylation modification

作者：田萃红谭学瑞

英文作者：Tian Cuihong Tan Xuerui

单位：汕头大学医学院第一附属医院心内科，汕头515041

英文单位：Department of Cardiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College Shantou 515041 China

关键词：糖代谢；糖基化修饰；信息枢纽

英文关键词：Glucosemetabolism;Glycosylationmodification;Informationhub

• 摘要：

• 糖类是生物体能量代谢的基础物质，也是以核糖和脱氧核糖形式构成遗传物质的核心骨架，糖分子还通过糖基化修饰以及细胞表面高度复杂的“糖代码”参与细胞间通讯。本文以与糖有关的诺贝尔奖成果为主线，简要回顾“糖化学结构、糖酵解与糖代谢通路、生物正交化学驱动的活体糖链成像技术”等关键发展节点；重点讨论糖分子功能从“能量储备”到“信息枢纽”的认知转变；系统论述糖代谢在乳酰化修饰、免疫代谢重塑以及疾病研究方面的进展；展望糖靶向干预策略，提出糖生物学、糖科学面临的问题和未来方向。

• Carbohydrates are fundamental substances for energy metabolism in organisms and form the core skeleton of genetic materials in the forms of ribose and deoxyribose. Through glycosylation modification and the highly complex "glycocode" on cell surface, carbohydrate molecules also participate in intercellular communication. Taking Nobel Prize achievements related to carbohydrates as the main line, this paper briefly reviews key developmental milestones including carbohydrate chemical structures, glycolysis and glucose metabolic pathways, and in vivo glycan imaging technology driven by bioorthogonal chemistry. It mainly discusses the cognitive shift of carbohydrate function from "energy reserve" to "information hub", and systematically elaborates the research progress of glucose metabolism in lactylation modification, immune metabolic reprogramming and disease research. This paper also prospects carbohydrate-targeted intervention strategies, and puts forward existing problems and future research directions of glycobiology and carbohydrate science.