2026 年第 8 期 第 21 卷

工程益生菌缓解溃疡性结肠炎肠道屏障异常的机制研究进展

Research progress on the mechanism of engineered probiotics in alleviating intestinal barrier abnormality in ulcerative colitis

作者：秦雪芝1张欣然2王艺璇3陈嘉屿3

英文作者：Qin Xuezhi1 Zhang Xinran2 Wang Yixuan3 Chen Jiayu3

单位：1甘肃中医药大学第一临床医学院，兰州730000；2甘肃中医药大学中西医结合学院，兰州730000；3中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九四〇医院消化内科，兰州730050

英文单位：1The First School of Clinical Medicine Gansu University of Chinese Medicine Lanzhou 730000 China; 2School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Gansu University of Chinese Medicine Lanzhou 730000 China; 3Department of Gastroenterology the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of the Chinese People′s Liberation Army Lanzhou 730050 China

关键词：溃疡性结肠炎；工程益生菌；肠道屏障；机制

英文关键词：Ulcerativecolitis;Engineeredprobiotics;Intestinalbarrier;Mechanism

• 摘要：

• 溃疡性结肠炎（UC）是一种病因尚未完全明确的慢性肠道炎症性疾病，其临床特征主要表现为腹痛、腹泻、血便或黏液脓血便和体重下降。UC的主要发病机制与肠道屏障损伤相关，当肠道上皮层受损、黏液层变薄、菌群失调等肠道屏障功能异常时，致病微生物则会通过受损屏障侵入固有层，从而诱发并放大肠道炎症反应。工程益生菌具有精准靶向治疗、提高药物递送效率等特点，已成为治疗UC的重要途径，并在靶向修复肠道屏障中发挥重要作用，其潜在机制主要与调节肠道菌群及其代谢物、上调紧密连接蛋白和黏蛋白的表达以及调节免疫细胞亚群平衡有关。本文综述了近年报道的工程益生菌缓解UC的具体作用机制，重点探讨其通过调节肠道生物屏障、化学屏障、物理屏障、免疫屏障的最新研究进展，旨在为工程益生菌的临床应用及未来研究方向提供理论依据和参考。

• Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic intestinal inflammatory disease with an incompletely clarified etiology, clinically characterized by abdominal pain, diarrhea, hematochezia or mucopurulent bloody stool, and weight loss. The pathogenesis of UC is closely related to intestinal barrier injury. When intestinal barrier dysfunction occurs such as intestinal epithelial damage, mucus layer thinning and gut microbiota dysbiosis, pathogenic microorganisms invade the lamina propria through the damaged barrier, thereby inducing and amplifying intestinal inflammatory responses. Engineered probiotics possess the advantages of precise targeted therapy and improved drug delivery efficiency, and have become an important approach for UC treatment, playing a vital role in targeted repair of intestinal barrier. Its potential mechanisms are mainly associated with regulating gut microbiota and metabolites, upregulating the expression of tight junction proteins and mucins, and balancing immune cell subsets. This article reviews the specific mechanisms of engineered probiotics in alleviating UC reported in recent years, with an emphasis on the latest research progress in regulating intestinal biological barrier, chemical barrier, physical barrier and immune barrier, aiming to provide theoretical basis and reference for the clinical application and future research direction of engineered probiotics.